剑雅18阅读真题Test4 Passage1原文

剑桥18一共收集了雅思真题4套，下文羊驼小编整理了剑雅18第四套阅读真题原文Test 4 Reading Passage 1，以下是阅读部分第一篇文章Passage 1的文章原文及参考译文，供各位烤鸭们复习参考。想要了解更多关于剑雅17-19听力和阅读真题答案及解析的考生可查看剑雅17-19听力阅读真题答案及解析汇总，为助力各位烤鸭们备考雅思，羊驼教育雅思APP推出剑桥雅思真题及答案解析视频，可在羊驼雅思APP课程一栏获取剑桥雅思系列的视频信息。

READING PASSAGE  1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13,which are based on Reading Passage  1 below.

Green roofs

A     Rooftops covered with grass,vegetable gardens and lush foliage are now a common sight in many cities around the world.More and more private companies and city authorities are investing in green roofs,drawn to their wide-ranging benefits.Among the benefits are saving on energy costs,mitigating the risk of floods,making habitats for urban wildlife, tackling air pollution and even growing food.These increasingly radical urban designs can  help cities adapt to the monumental problems they face,such as access to resources and a    lack of green space due to development.But the involvement of city authorities,businesses and other institutions is crucial to ensuring their success-as is research investigating different options to suit the variety of rooftop spaces found in cities.The UK is relatively   new to developing green roofs,and local governments and institutions are playing a major role in spreading the practice.London is home to much of the UK's green roof market,mainly due to forward-thinking policies such as the London Plan,which has paved the way to more than doubling the area of green roofs in the capital.

B     Ongoing research is showcasing how green roofs in cities can integrate with'living walls': environmentally friendly walls which are partially or completely covered with greenery, including a growing medium,such as soil or water.Research also indicates that green roofs can be integrated with drainage systems on the ground,such as street trees,so that the water is managed better and the built environment is made more sustainable.There

is also evidence to demonstrate the social value of green roofs.Doctors are increasingly prescribing time spent gardening outdoors for patients dealing with anxiety and depression. And research has found that access to even the most basic green spaces can provide a better quality of life for dementia sufferers and help people avoid obesity.

C     In North America,green roofs have become mainstream,with a wide array of expansive,

accessible and food-producing roofs installed in buildings.Again,city leaders and authorities have helped push the movement forward-only recently,San Francisco,USA,created a policy requiring new buildings to have green roofs.Toronto,Canada,has policies dating from the 1990s,encouraging the development ofurban farms on rooftops.These countries also benefit from having newer buildings than in many parts of the world,which makes it easier to  install green roofs.Being able to keep enough water at roof height and distribute it right across the rooftop is crucial to maintaining the plants on any green roof-especially on'edible roofs' where fruit and vegetables are farmed.And it's much easier to do this in newer buildings, which can typically hold greater weight,than to retro-fit old ones.Having a stronger roof also makes it easier to grow a greater variety of plants,since the soil can be deeper.

D    For green roofs to become the norm for new developments,there needs to be support from public authorities and private investors.Those responsible for maintaining buildings may   have to acquire new skills,such as landscaping,and in some cases,volunteers may be needed to help out.Other considerationsinclude installing drainage paths,meeting health and safety requirements andperhaps allowing access for the public,as well as planning restrictions and disruption from regular activities in and around the buildings during

installation.To convince investors and developers that installing green roofs is worthwhile, economic arguments are still the most important.The term‘natural capital?has been developed to explain the economic value of nature;for example,measuring the money saved by installing natural solutions to protect against flood damage,adapt to climate   change or help people lead healthier and happier lives.

E    As the expertise about green roofs grows,official standards have been developed to ensure that they are designed,constructed and maintained properly,andfunction well.Improvements in the science and technology underpinning green roof development have also led to new variations in the concept.For example,'blue roofs'enable buildings to hold water over longer periods of time,rather than draining it away quickly-crucial in times of heavier rainfall.There are also combinations of green roofs with solar panels,and 'brown    roofs'which are wilder in nature and maximise biodiversity.If the trend continues,it could  create new jobs and a more vibrant and sustainable local food economy-alongside many    other benefits.There are still barriers to overcome,but the evidence so far indicates that green roofs have the potential to transform cities and help them function sustainably long into the future.The success stories need to be studied and replicated elsewhere,to make   green,blue,brown and food-producing roofs the norm in cities around the world.

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剑雅18 Passage1原文翻译

绿色屋顶

A 在世界各地的许多城市，覆盖着草、菜园和郁郁葱葱的树叶的屋顶现在是一个常见的景象。越来越多的私人公司和市政当局都在投资绿色屋顶，被其广泛的好处所吸引。其中的好处包括节省能源成本，减轻洪水风险，为城市野生动物提供栖息地，解决空气污染，甚至种植粮食。这些日益激进的城市设计可以帮助城市适应它们面临的巨大问题，例如资源获取和由于发展而缺乏绿色空间。但城市当局、企业和其他机构的参与对确保他们的成功至关重要——研究调查也是如此不同的选择，以适应城市的各种屋顶空间。英国在发展绿色屋顶方面相对较新，地方政府和机构在推广这一做法方面发挥着重要作用。伦敦是英国大部分绿色屋顶市场的所在地，这主要归功于前瞻性的政策，如伦敦计划，该计划为首都绿色屋顶面积增加一倍以上铺平了道路。

B 正在进行的研究正在展示城市中的绿色屋顶如何与“生活墙”相结合:部分或完全覆盖绿色植物的环保墙，包括生长介质，如土壤或水。研究还表明，绿色屋顶可以与地面的排水系统相结合，比如行道树，这样水得到更好的管理，建筑环境变得更加可持续。在那里这也证明了绿色屋顶的社会价值。医生们越来越为焦虑和抑郁的患者安排户外园艺时间。研究发现，即使是最基本的绿色空间也可以为痴呆症患者提供更好的生活质量，并帮助人们避免肥胖。

C 在北美，绿色屋顶已经成为主流，在建筑物内安装无障碍和可生产粮食的屋顶。再一次，城市领导人和当局帮助推动了这一运动——最近，美国旧金山创建了一个新建筑必须有绿色屋顶的政策。加拿大多伦多从上世纪90年代就出台了鼓励在屋顶上发展城市农场的政策。这些国家受益于拥有比世界上许多地方更新的建筑，这使得它更容易安装绿色屋顶。能够在屋顶高度保持足够的水并将其分配到屋顶上对于任何绿色屋顶上的植物来说都是至关重要的，尤其是在种植水果和蔬菜的“可食用屋顶”上。在较新的建筑中更容易做到这一点，

这通常可以承受更大的重量，而不是改造旧的。坚固的屋顶也更容易种植更多种类的植物，因为土壤可以更深。

D 为了使绿色屋顶成为新开发项目的标准，需要政府当局和私人投资者的支持。那些负责维护建筑物的人可能需要学习新的技能，比如景观美化，在某些情况下，志愿者可能需要学习，我需要帮忙。其他考虑因素包括安装排水通道，满足健康和安全要求，可能允许公众进入，以及规划建筑物内外正常活动的限制和干扰安装。为了让投资者和开发商相信安装绿色屋顶是值得的，经济论据仍然是最重要的。“自然资本”一词已被广泛使用用于解释自然的经济价值;例如，衡量通过安装自然解决方案来防止洪水破坏、适应气候变化或帮助人们过上更健康、更快乐的生活所节省的资金。

E 随着绿色屋顶专业知识的增长，官方标准已经发展到确保它们的设计、建造和维护得当，并且功能良好。支撑绿色屋顶发展的科学技术的进步.这也导致了这个概念的新变化。例如，“蓝色屋顶”使建筑物能够在较长时间内保持水分，而不是迅速将其排干——这在暴雨时期至关重要。也有绿色屋顶和太阳能电池板的组合，还有“棕色屋顶”，这在自然中更狂野，最大限度地提高了生物多样性。如果这一趋势继续下去，它将创造新的就业机会，并使当地食品经济更具活力和可持续性，同时还有许多其他好处。仍有障碍需要克服，但迄今为止的证据表明绿色屋顶有可能改变城市，并帮助它们在未来长期可持续地运作。成功的故事需要在其他地方进行研究和复制，使绿色、蓝色、棕色和生产食物的屋顶成为世界各地城市的标准。