剑桥雅思19阅读真题电子版，网友回忆版test1

剑桥雅思19收集了雅思考试（A类）真题共4套，对雅思考生们了解近年来的考试内容、考试题型有较大帮助。羊驼雅思整理了剑雅19雅思考试（A类）的阅读真题（网友回忆版）Test 1 Passage 1供大家参考。

相关阅读：剑桥雅思19电子版阅读题回忆版Test1 Passage2

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13. which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

How tennis rackets have changed 网球拍的变化

In 2016, the British professional tennis player Andy Murray was ranked as the world's number one. lt was an incredible achievement by any slandard - made even more remarkable by the fact that he did this during a period considered to be one of the strongest in the sport's history, competing against the likes of Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic, to name just a few, Yet five years previously, he had been regarded as a talented oulsider who entered but never won the major tournaments.

Of the changes that account for this transformation, one was visible and widely publicised: in 2011. Murray invited former number one player lvan Lendl onto his coaching team - a valuable addition that had a visible impact on the player's playing style. Another change was so subtle as to pass more or less unnoticed. Like many players, Murray has long prelerred a racket that consisls of two types ofstring: one for the mains (verticals) and another for the crosses (horizontals), While he continued to use natural slring in the crosses, in 2012 he switched to a synthelic string for the mains. A small change, perhaps, but its importance should not be underestimated.

The modification that Murray made is just one ofa number ofoptions available to players looking lo tweak their rackels in order to improve their games, 'Touring professionals have their rackels customised to their specifc needs,’says Colin Triplow, a UK-based professional racket stringer, 'lt's a highly important part ofperformance maximisation'. Consequently, the specific rackets used by the world's elite are not actally readily available to the public, rather, each racket is individually made to suit the player who uses it. Take the US professional tennis players Mike and Bob Bryan, for example: "We're very parlicular with our racket specifications," they say. 'All our rackets are sent firom our manulacturer lo Tampa, Florida, where our frames go through a .. . thorough customisation process'. They explain how they have adjusted not only racket length, but even experimented with diferent kinds of paint. The rackels they use now weigh more than the average model and also have a denser slring patlemn (i.e. more crosses and mains).

The primary reason for these modifications is simple: as the line betwveen winning and losing becomes thinner and thinner, even these slight changes become more and more important, As a result, players and their teams are becoming increasingly creative with the modifcations to their rackets as they look to maximise their compelitive advantage.

Racket modifications mainly date back to the 1970s, when the amateur German tennis player Werner Fischer started playing with the so-called spaghetti-strung racket, It created a string bed that generated so much topspin that it was quickly banned by the International Tennis Federation.

However, within a decade or two, racket modifcation became a regularity. Today it is, in many ways, an aspect of the game that is equal in signifcance to nutrition or training.

Modifcations can be divided into two categories: those to the string bed and those to the racket frame. The former is far more common than the latter: the choice of the strings and the tension with which they are installed is something that nearly all professional players experiment with.

They will continually change it depending on various factors including the court surface, climatic conditions, and game styles, Some will even change it depending on how they feel at the time.

At one time, all tennis rackets were strung with natural gut made from the outer layer of sheep or cow intestines. This all changed in the early 1990s with the development of synthetic strings that were cheaper and more durable. They are made from three materials: nylon (relatively durable and affordable), Kevlar (too stiff to be used alone) or co-polyester (polyester combined with additives that enhance its performance). Even so, many professional players continue to use a 'hybrid set-up', where a combination of both synthetic and natural strings are used.

Of the synthetics, co-polyester is by far the most widely used. It's a perfect fit for the style of tennis now played, where players tend to battle it out from the back of the court rather than coming to the net. Studies indicate that the average spin fiom a co-polyester string is 25% greater than that from natural string or other synthetics, In a sense, the development of co-polyester strings has revolutionised the game.

However, many players go beyond these basic adjustments to the strings and make changes to the racket frame itself, For example, much of the serving power ofUS professional player Pete Sampras was attributed to the addition of four to five lead weights onto his rackets, and today many professionals have the weight adjusted during the manufacturing process.

Other changes to the frame involve the handle. Players have individual preferences for the shape of the handle and some will have the handle of one racket moulded onto the frame of a different racket, Other players make different changes. The professional Portuguese player Goncalo Oliveira replaced the original grips of his rackets with something thinner because they had previously felt uncomfortable to hold.

Racket customisation and modification have pushed the standards of the game to greater levels that few could have anticipated in the days of natural strings and heavy, wooden frames, and it's exciting to see what further developments there will be in the future.

Test 1

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE    if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE   if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN  if there is no information on this

1.People had expected Andy Murray to become the world's top tennis player for at least five years before 2016.

2.The change that Andy Murray made to his rackets attracted a lot of attention.

3.Most of the world's top players take a professional racket stringer on tour with them.

4.Mike and Bob Bryan use rackets that are light in comparison to the majority of rackets.

5.Werner Fischer played with a spaghetti-strung racket that he designed himself.

6.The weather can affect how professional players adjust the strings on their rackets.

7.It was believed that the change Pete Sampras made to his rackets contributed to his strong serve.

Questions 8-13

Complete the notes below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

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